NAME
       sed - stream editor for filtering and transforming text

SYNOPSIS
       sed [OPTION]... {script-only-if-no-other-script} [input-file]...

DESCRIPTION
       Sed  is  a  stream  editor.   A  stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input
       stream (a file or input from a pipeline).  While in  some  ways  similar  to  an  editor  which  permits
       scripted  edits  (such  as ed), sed works by making only one pass over the input(s), and is consequently
       more efficient.  But it is sed's ability to filter text in a pipeline which  particularly  distinguishes
       it from other types of editors.


       -n, --quiet, --silent

              suppress automatic printing of pattern space

       -e script, --expression=script

              add the script to the commands to be executed

       -f script-file, --file=script-file

              add the contents of script-file to the commands to be executed

       -i[SUFFIX], --in-place[=SUFFIX]

              edit files in place (makes backup if extension supplied)

       -c, --copy

              use  copy  instead  of rename when shuffling files in -i mode (avoids change of input file owner-
              ship)

       -l N, --line-length=N

              specify the desired line-wrap length for the 'l' command

       --posix

              disable all GNU extensions.

       -r, --regexp-extended

              use extended regular expressions in the script.

       -s, --separate

              consider files as separate rather than as a single continuous long stream.

       -u, --unbuffered

              load minimal amounts of data from the input files and flush the output buffers more often

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       If no -e, --expression, -f, or --file option is given, then the first non-option argument  is  taken  as
       the  sed  script  to interpret.  All remaining arguments are names of input files; if no input files are
       specified, then the standard input is read.

       E-mail bug reports to: bonzini@gnu.org .  Be sure to include the word ''sed'' somewhere  in  the  ''Sub-
       ject:'' field.

COMMAND SYNOPSIS
       This  is  just  a  brief  synopsis of sed commands to serve as a reminder to those who already know sed;
       other documentation (such as the texinfo document) must be consulted for fuller descriptions.

   Zero-address ''commands''
       : label
              Label for b and t commands.

       #comment
              The comment extends until the next newline (or the end of a -e script fragment).

       }      The closing bracket of a { } block.

   Zero- or One- address commands
       =      Print the current line number.

       a \

       text   Append text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a backslash.

       i \

       text   Insert text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a backslash.

       q      Immediately quit the sed script without processing any more input, except that if  auto-print  is
              not disabled the current pattern space will be printed.

       Q      Immediately quit the sed script without processing any more input.

       r filename
              Append text read from filename.

       R filename
              Append a line read from filename.

   Commands which accept address ranges
       {      Begin a block of commands (end with a }).

       b label
              Branch to label; if label is omitted, branch to end of script.

       t label
              If  a  s///  has  done a successful substitution since the last input line was read and since the
              last t or T command, then branch to label; if label is omitted, branch to end of script.

       T label
              If no s/// has done a successful substitution since the last input line was read  and  since  the
              last t or T command, then branch to label; if label is omitted, branch to end of script.

       c \

       text   Replace the selected lines with text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a backslash.

       d      Delete pattern space.  Start next cycle.


       D      Delete up to the first embedded newline in the pattern space.  Start next cycle, but skip reading
              from the input if there is still data in the pattern space.

       h H    Copy/append pattern space to hold space.

       g G    Copy/append hold space to pattern space.

       x      Exchange the contents of the hold and pattern spaces.

       l      List out the current line in a ''visually unambiguous'' form.

       n N    Read/append the next line of input into the pattern space.

       p      Print the current pattern space.

       P      Print up to the first embedded newline of the current pattern space.

       s/regexp/replacement/
              Attempt to match regexp against the pattern space.  If successful, replace that  portion  matched
              with  replacement.   The replacement may contain the special character & to refer to that portion
              of the pattern space which matched, and the special escapes \1 through \9 to refer to the  corre-
              sponding matching sub-expressions in the regexp.

       w filename
              Write the current pattern space to filename.

       W filename
              Write the first line of the current pattern space to filename.

       y/source/dest/
              Transliterate  the  characters  in  the pattern space which appear in source to the corresponding
              character in dest.

Addresses
       Sed commands can be given with no addresses, in which case the command will be executed  for  all  input
       lines;  with  one  address,  in which case the command will only be executed for input lines which match
       that address; or with two addresses, in which case the command will be  executed  for  all  input  lines
       which  match  the  inclusive range of lines starting from the first address and continuing to the second
       address.  Three things to note about address ranges: the syntax is addr1,addr2 (i.e., the addresses  are
       separated  by  a  comma); the line which addr1 matched will always be accepted, even if addr2 selects an
       earlier line; and if addr2 is a regexp, it will not be tested against the line that addr1 matched.

       After the address (or address-range), and before the command, a !  may be inserted, which specifies that
       the command shall only be executed if the address (or address-range) does not match.

       The following address types are supported:

       number Match only the specified line number.

       first~step
              Match  every  step'th line starting with line first.  For example, ''sed -n 1~2p'' will print all
              the odd-numbered lines in the input stream, and the address 2~5  will  match  every  fifth  line,
              starting with the second. (This is an extension.)

       $      Match the last line.

       /regexp/
              Match lines matching the regular expression regexp.

       \cregexpc
              Match lines matching the regular expression regexp.  The c may be any character.

       GNU sed also supports some special 2-address forms:

       0,addr2
              Start  out  in  "matched first address" state, until addr2 is found.  This is similar to 1,addr2,
              except that if addr2 matches the very first line of input the 0,addr2 form will be at the end  of
              its range, whereas the 1,addr2 form will still be at the beginning of its range.

       addr1,+N
              Will match addr1 and the N lines following addr1.

       addr1,~N
              Will  match  addr1 and the lines following addr1 until the next line whose input line number is a
              multiple of N.


REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
       POSIX.2 BREs should be supported, but they aren't completely because of performance  problems.   The  \n
       sequence  in  a  regular  expression  matches the newline character, and similarly for \a, \t, and other
       sequences.

BUGS
       E-mail bug reports to bonzini@gnu.org.  Be sure to include the word  ''sed''  somewhere  in  the  ''Sub-
       ject:''  field.   Also,  please include the output of ''sed --version'' in the body of your report if at
       all possible.

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright © 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
       This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO warranty; not even  for  MER-
       CHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO
       awk(1), ed(1), grep(1), tr(1), perlre(1), sed.info, any of various books on sed, the sed FAQ
       (http://sed.sf.net/grabbag/tutorials/sedfaq.txt), http://sed.sf.net/grabbag/.

       The full documentation for sed is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If the info and sed programs are
       properly installed at your site, the command

              info sed

       should give you access to the complete manual.

sed version 4.1.5                  June 2006                            SED(1)

http://bashconsole.org/man.1.sed